Scotland – maturitní otázka (2) | Anglictina-maturita.cz

Otázka: Scotland

Jazyk: Angličtina

Přidal(a): KíťaCZ

Basic information

It is the country in the north of Great Britain, beyond Hadrian’s Wall
Scotland is divided into three natural regions :
- The Southern Uplands
- the Central Lowlands
- the Highlands
- Islands: Skye (The Skye Road Bridge)
pristine = untouch nature
small brook = wee burns, deep lochs, mountains
Edinburgh = Grey stone city
Glasgow: the third largest city
Aberdeen:
- here is oiling industry (deposits of oil in North Sea)
- oil rigs
Dundee
Andrew’s = city
- large golf courses
fishing (salmon), golf, skiing

Settlement

Celts
Romans
- the Roman Emperor Hadrian built a wall (from Carlisle to Newcastle) -> keep out wild Scottish tribes (clan) – Picts, Scots
Saxons
- crossed the wall and made new border (hranice) – Carlisle to mouth of the Tweed (river)

Timeline

9^th centrury: Kingdoms of Scotland
After Norman Conquest -> many English families left England -> to Scottish Lowlands
Highlands for „true Scots“ – language Gaelic
13^th century: England tried conquer (zabrat) Scotland
16^th century:
- Elisabeth I. X Mary Stuart
- after the death of Elisabeth I. -> King James VI. (Stuart) -> Scotland lost an independence
in 1707 Scotland underwent komplete union with English parlament at Westminster
rebellions = insurrection continued
Charles II. Stuart („Bonnie Prince Charlie“) instigated (podnítit) The Battle of Culloden -> he mysterious disappear -> England decided to destroy Scottish culture „Disarming Act“ (Scots must speak English,….)
Scots emigrated to Australia, New Zealand
after 40 years Disarming Act was repealed

ECONOMY:

coal-mining, steel, shipbuilding
boosted economy -> discovery of gas, oil fields in the North Sea -> great number of jobs
electronic industry: in area known as Silicon Glen

Typical products:

textile industry: quality Tweed cloth
whisky (whiskey)
- a perfect example of Scottish frugality
- they used surplus (přebytek) barley -> malted, fermented, distilled
- it´s distilled while heated over peat (rašelina) by using pure water
- name of one: Isle of Skye

TRADITION:

Clans and tartans

many true Scots belou to clan/tribe
many names begin with „Mac“ or „Mc“ = son of…
tartan = pattern textile
the stripes in different colours overlaps
variolus kind of kilt
- green: for hunting
- the black watch tartan: for supporters of the united government of England and Scotland
- yellow: for oponent (oposition)

Hogmanay

celebrated in 31st December
group of friends
they sing „Auld Lang Syne“ and „Old Days Gone“
a stranger (shoudn´t be blond = Viking) comes to your home and he brings symbol sof plenty (a piece of bread, coal, coin) and he gets wee (small) dram

Burns´ Night Dinners

25th January
celebrating the brith of Scotland´s greatest poet – Robert Burns
haggis
- a sheep´s stomach stuffed with oatmeal, entrails
- it brought to the table accompanied by bagpipe music
- then stick dirk (ceremonial knife) into haggis while reciting poems by Burns
mashed turnip

First Footing

A Wake

Edinburgh = Grey stone city

the capital of Scotland
the historic part of city: many houses and stress made from grey stones
2 castles:
- Edinburgh castle: from middle age
- The Palace of Holyroodhouse: official residence of the Queen
Edinburgh festival:
- official part
  - dedicated to classical music and theatrical performances
- The Fringe festival
  - street shows and performances
- The Military Tattoo
  - a show of military bands

Statue of Boby
- Skye terrier
- dog, it kept vigil over grave of his master
- from Robert Peeler
- stands in Greyfriars Kirkyard

Glasgow = Dear Green Place

industry (shipbuilding) + port
miles of shipyards along the River Clyde -> the shipyards have closed –> the slums (slum = area for poor people) – revitalization (1990´s) = urban renewal project – for example: Burrell Collection

Burrell Collection – works of art by a Glasgow shipowner
now after revitalization Glasgow has slogan: Glasgow´s miles better
Glasgow Science Centre
- three parts
- Imax theatre
- Science Mall = a titanium-clad building in the shape of cresce
- Glasgow Tower – 127 m high

Inverness

Loch Ness Monster = Nessie

Nessie: 6 m long, long and thin neck, small head, 2 or 3 humps (hrby)
first person who reported a monster = St. Columba
- he was visiting the king of the Picts in 6th centuries
in 1880 next person was Scottish diver, then he refused to dive again
The Loch Ness Tourist Organization – collects all the evidence about the monster in a museum
Monster Exhibition = the museum

Ben Nevis = the highest peak of Scotland

Scotland is interlaced by canals (by human), they connects rivers
- The Forth and Clyde Canal
- The Union Canal (a system of sophisticated locks)
- The Falkirk Wheel ( = a boat lift energy efficient, it takes as much energy as boiling 8 kettlers of water to more the boat)

Eilean Donan Castle

Glamis Castle

Balmoral Castle

Games

the biggest games are at Cowal
bagpipers and drummers play all day
throwing the hamer or „tossing the caber“ = thrrowing a large tree as far as possible
all athletes wear traditional kilts