Otázka: History of England
Jazyk: Angličtina
Přidal(a): klarkak
The Celts
- came from central Europe
- lived in tribes
- were good at crafts and agriculture
- celts languages – Gaelsh, Welsh
- were pushed to the north by Romans – founded Scotland
The Romans – 2nd century
- established Hadrian Wall – protected the country from the attacts from Scotland
- founded cities which ends with chester (Manchester, Colchester)
- established the 1st road, the city of bath
- founded London and conquered the British Isles
the Anglo-Saxons and Wikings
- came from Scandinavia
- were good at sailing
- 829 – small citie were united
the Normans
- came from the north of France
- 1066 – Battle of Hastings – William the Conquerer
- French as the official language, Latin in the Church, English in small town and poor people
- 1120´s crusades – because of disageement between the King and the Church
- 1250 – Magna Carta – document which limited the king´s power in favour aristocracy, raised taxes and established the republic
- 14th century – The Hundred Years War – between France and England over territories, France won and gained back their territoties
– Edward III made England the strongest millitary power in Europe a wanted to gain more territories, but English people were weakned with epidemy of plague called the Black Death
- lountry revolutions – John Wicklif
The Wars of the Roses – 1455
- civil war between House of York and House of Lancaster
- because government ruled instead of little Henry VI who wasn´t adult
The Tudors
- the period of economy prosperity – trade with wool and cloth
- Henry VIII
- had 6 wives, 1 son and 2 daugters
- confiscated church property and established the new church „Church of England“ to get divorced – the king is the head of church
- Catholics to Protestants
- executed 2 wives, 1 died in childbirth, 2 divorced and 1 outlived him
- Edward VI
- son of Henry VIII
- died young
- Bloody Mary
- tried to make England Catholic – burning 274 protestants
- Elizabeth I
- from age 25 on the throne- for 45 years
- never married, without children
- Elizabethan Age – Golden Age
- found schools, hospitals, encourage theatres and art – William Shakespeare
- Sir Francis Drake – sailor for the queen
- 1588 – the power of the sea
Spain X England
130 ships X 34 ships – winner due to small ships in La Manch channel and due to storm
the Stuarts
- was called from Scotland
- Catholics
- James I, Charles I
- worked without parliament which caused civil war
- Oliver Cromwell – „Lord Protector“
- millitary leader, puritan – no other religion is allowed
- established republic
- closed theatres and pubs
- Charles II
- from France
- end of republic – king as the highest power
- 1688 – the Glorious Revolution
- theatres and pubs opened
- James II
- tried to rule on his own
- Catholic
- Mary with husband
- House of Orange
- were invited by Parliament to rule
- protestant
- the revolution without fighting → James didn´t want to fight and escape
- ! 1689 – the Bill of Rights
- limits the power of the king
- constitutional monarchy
- Industrial Revolution – 1750
- building factories, constructing railways, children worked very hard and in bad conditions
- movement to cities
- new branch of industry
- „workshop in the world“ – the power of industrial countries
- 1760´s – war between Britain and France
- 7 years long
- Britain won and gained Canada but lost 13 colonies in the USA – 13 stripes on flag
- War of Independence – the USA had to pay taxes but didn´t have the members in Parliament
- Napoleonic Wars
- Napoleon – admiral od France who wanted to attack Britain but in the bottle at Trafalgar was defeated by admiral Nelson – the statue at Trafalgar square in London
- Victoria
- led reforms in health care, education – public schools
- „The Sun never sets above British Empire“ – had colonies around the whole world – Canada, Australia, Egypt, India
- WW I – 1914 – 1918
- lost colonies – only India stayed
- new ways how to transport
- 11 November – Rememberance day – to remember the killed people
- the USA became the power of the world
- WW II – 1939 – 1945
- 1940 – Bottle of London – Germany wanted to destroy English Royal Air Force and became the power of aviation
- Disambarkment in Normandy – allies attacted Germany in part of France and it led to relief Europe
- Recently it took part in wars against terorism in the muslims states in Middle East with the USA
- EU, NATO, G7 – but there is izolation towards Europe – they wants to be different
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