History of the United States of America – otázka z angličtiny

Otázka: History of the USA

Jazyk: Angličtina

Přidal(a): fessi

Before the civilisation

America was first populated by Native Americans (people migrating from Asia)
they had been living there about 50,000 years before Christopher Columbus came there
actually the first explorer were Nordic nations
when first European explorer arrived in America they started call them „Indian“
arrival of European explorers in the 15 century (1492 – arrival of Christopher Columbus)
modern Southwest had been colonized by Spain and France
later, the inhabited area by England became a British colony
1760s British government imposed a series of new taxes

American Revolution

1775 to 1783
a war between Great Britain and the original 13 British colonies in America
the French and Indian War cost Britain a lot of money. Britain wanted the American colonies to help pay for it
1760s British passed new laws that made colonists pay taxes on sugar, tea, and other things
1774 colonists held the First Continental Congress
the colonists began to think that they were not getting their rights
they wanted to be treated fairly by the English government
the colonists organized their own army, the American Army was led by George Washington and the army were helped by France and Spain
the colonies became independent in 1783
1787 a constitution
1789 George Washington became the first President of the United States

Civil War

1861 – 1865
the southern states tried to leave the union – they did not want slavery to be banned, they states didn’t want the North telling them what to do or making laws they didn’t want
they formed a new country, the Confederate States of America, and went to war with the US
after four years of the war the industrial North was able to beat the South
president Lincoln wanted the South to rejoin the Union but he was assassinated – without him the South was punished for the rebellion
the Civil War was the first war that was widely photographed

World War I

America wanted to keep out of the war
1915 american factories were making a lot of weapons for Allies
United States learns of Zimmermann telegram (telegram attempting to incite Mexico to attack the United States)
Germans started the submarine war – US declared war on Germany
the United States was unprepared for its entrance into the First World War – their army numbered only 300,000
Wilson´s fourteen points

The Great Depression

1929 the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history
in the late 1920s, businesses and factories began to close
began soon after the stock market crash
economic depression spread across the country and the world
rising levels of unemployment, people were without work and money, didn´t have food or clothes
Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 convinced Congress to pass the New Deal, helped keep banks in business and protect people’s savings
new deal: every U.S. state had ordered all remaining banks to close at the end of the fourth wave of banking panics
new inventions: second hands, contraception

World War II

1939 war broke out in Europe
1941 Pearl Harbor attack took place (after US declared war to Japan and then Germany declared war to America)
America joined the war with the Allies
Manhattan project
1944 Invasion in Normandy (general Eisenhower)
they knew they are going to win this war

Cold War

lasted over forty years 1947 – 1991 (ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union)
political and military tension after World War II
America and the Soviet Union competed with the technology (mostly nuclear)
there was a tension from the nuclear attacks
problemes with the military bases – Cuba
F. Kennedy´s assassination
conflicts:
- after World War II, Korea was divided into North and South Korea. North Korea became communist. South Korea was a capitalist country. North Korean army invaded South Korea. The United Nations sent soldiers to help South Korea
- in 1959, Cuba became a communist country and the Soviets secretly put missiles there. President Kennedy was afraid the Soviet Union would attack the United States

Korean War

1950-1953
the Korean War was fought between South Korea and communist North Korea
war began when the North Korean Communist army invaded non-Communist South Korea
it was the first major conflict of the Cold War as the Soviet Union supported North Korea and the United States supported South Korea
war ended with little resolution, the countries are still divided today

Vietnam War

during the 1950s and 1960s, the United States fought wars to stop communism
Vietnamese became independence in 1954
country was split into communist North Vietnam and non-communist South Vietnam
in the early 1960s, communists in South Vietnam tried to overthrow the government
the United States sent military advisers and supplies to help South Vietnam, later they sent also soldiers
the U.S. was spending billions of dollars on the war. Many American soldiers were dying
people had antiwar demonstrations in many parts of the country
in 1969, Richard Nixon became president, he started bringing soldiers home
over 55,000 Americans died in the war
communism was not stopped in Vietnam

Watergate and Richard Nixon

a major political scandal that occurred in the United States in the 1970s
at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington
the scandal really begins during 1972, when the burglars were arrested
the Nixon administration’s tried to cover-up of its involvement
by early 1974, the nation knew about Watergate
Nixon lied about his involvement but there were the tapes proving he knew about the affair
the resignation of Richard Nixon – the only resignation of a U.S. President to date

Ronald Reagan and Star Wars

1980s
the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), also called Star Wars – USA wanted to put defensive shields into the space
pressured the Soviet Union to end the Cold War
the Falklands War, Reagan didn´t want to help Great Britain in that war but he did
American cowboy and Iron lady

Operation Desert Storm

1990
Saddam Hussein, the dictator of Iraq, ordered his army across the border into Kuwai
multi-national force assembled in Saudi Arabia to defend that nation and to prepare for the liberation of Kuwait
an intense aerial campaign against Iraqi targets

Bill Clinton Affair (Lewinsky scandal)

a political sex scandal emerging in 1998, from a sexual relationship between Unite States President Bill Clinton and a 22-year-old White House intern, Monica Lewinsky
Clinton denied he had any sexual affair with Lewinsky
Lewinsky had earlier also denied having such a relationship
there was a tape of telephone conversations in which Lewinsky described her involvement with the president

11/9 (terrorist attacks)

2,997 people are killed in the September 11 attacks at the World Trade Center in New York City, The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia
series of airline hijackings and suicide attacks committed by 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group
al-Qaeda took responsibility for these attacks

FAMOUS PERSONALITIES

Benjamin Franklin

one of the Founding Fathers of the United States (Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, George Washington)

George Washington

the first president of the United States

Woodrow Wilson

president during the First World War
his idealistic 14 points formed the basis for the League of Nations

Henry Ford

the founder of the Ford Motor Company
sponsor of the development and mass production

Abraham Lincoln

lawyer and later politician
the 16th President of the United States
the first republican president
led the United States through its Civil War
shot and killed by the Confederate sympathizer JohnWilkes Booth
abolished legal slavery in US

F. Kennedy

an American politician who served as the 35^th President of the United States
played a role in diffusing the Cuban missile crisis and the threat of nuclear war
assassinated in Dallas by Lee Harvey Oswald who was arrested that afternoon and charged with the crime that night. Jack Ruby shot and killed Oswald two days later, before a trial could take place

Franklin D. Roosevelt

the longest serving US President
came to power during the crisis
oversaw the US entry into the 2nd World War

Harry Truman

the 33rd President of the United States
ordered atomic bombs dropped on cities

Martin Luther King, jr.

an American pastor, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement

Dwight D. Eisenhower

the 34th President of the United States
used nuclear threats to conclude the Korean War with China

Henry Kissinger

the 56th United States Secretary of State (today John Kerry)
played a prominent role in United States foreign policy between 1969 and 1977

George Bush jr.

president during the 9/11 terrorist attacks, he led a US invasion of Iraq

Barack Obama

the first black President
current president of the United states

Sources

http://www.ducksters.com/history/civil_war/causes_of_the_civil_war.php

http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/ww2/context.html

http://www.eduplace.com/ss/socsci/books/content/ilessons/5/ils_gr5a_u8_c17_l1.pdf

http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/lewinsky-scandal.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States

http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States

http://www.usahistory.info/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War

http://www.history.com/topics/great-depression

http://eduplace.com/ss/socsci/books/content/ilessons/5/ils_tn_gr5_u5_c10_l4.pdf