Otázka: USA
Jazyk: Angličtina
Přidal(a): Myška
The US- federation of 50 states and Washington D.C. (District of Columbia) –the national capital of the US and the seat of the federal government and president, ab. 630 000 people-70% black, The Potomac River
The Capitol building-for the Senate + the Houses of Representatives
Washington Monument-white marble obelisk W-named after the 1st president George Washington
Lincoln Memorial-inspired by Greek architect, 20 ft marble statue of a seated Abraham Lincoln(abolished slavery)
Arlington National Cemetery-200 000 esp. Military graves, simple graves of president John F. Kennedy + his brother Robert
Pentagon-pentagonal (5 stars) building-Ministry of Defence
White House-the president´s residence
Museums, universities,theatres…
New York – the biggest city in US,metropolitan area is 18 mil.,centre-7mil. people(80 lang.spoken in NY)
-commercial, business, financial(stock market),cultural centre
-comprises ab. 50 islands,5 boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, The Bronx, Staten Island, Queens
-called The Big Apple, The city that never sleeps
History:1642-called New Amsterdam, The Dutch bought the island from the Indians for the goods worth 25 dollars. 1664-became the English colony, renamed New York
Manhattan-plans of streets(E-W) + avenues(N-S), only oldest Brodway(theatres) and Wall Street-wall against Indians-now financial centre, The Stock Exchange, famous 5th Avenue-shopping centre, Central park, Brooklyn Bridge Beginning of 20th-famous skyscrapers-the Empire State building(1931 381m) –at the corner of 5th Avenue, Chrysler building(1930 319m), Twins-World Trade Centre-the highest in NY were destroyed by the terrorist attack on 11 Sept 2001-thousands of people died.
Transport: J.F.Kennedy Airport,subway(underground)-largerst in the world
Statue of Liberty-Liberty Island, given by The French
Madison Square Garden Centre-sport + culture
Carnegie Hall-concert
Times square– movie,theatres,concert halls
Rockefeller Centre-complex of buildings
Columbia University-oldest+largest in US
Guggenheim Museum
Flushing Meadows-tennis championship, NY Rangers-ice hockey
Places of Interest:
WEST:
Los Angeles-2nd largest, the city of Angeles, palm trees, beaches, movie industry, Hollywood, Beverly Hills, Disneyland
San Francisco(Calif)-hilly city, Golden Gate Bridge
Las Vegas-east-south of Nevada-rodeo,casinos,nearby Death Valley-300years-not raining
MtRushmore-middle No, South Dakota, colossal portraits of 4 presidents carved in rock
Grand Canyon
Yellowstone-national Park the largest+oldest in US-Wyoming, Idaho,Montana
Yosemite park
Monument Valley(Ariz.)- red stone chimneys, a lot of films were made there
SOUTH:
Houston(sou,Texas)-oil centre
Dallas-S west, finan.+comerc. Centre, pres.JFK was assassinated here in 1963
Miami-Florida-holidays area, esp. For pensioners, NASA-Kennedy Space Centre´s Spaceport at Cape Canaveral, space shuttles are launched, Miami-recreation centre
New Orleans-the cradle of jazz, Major seaport on the Mississippi river(2005-flooded by hurricane Catherine)
NORTH+EAST
Chicago-3rd largest, industrial, Sears Towers-highest skyscraper in world the Sears Tower
Detroit-cars
Boston-(Nest,Mass)-port, cradle of liberty-Boston Tea Party-Am. Revolution 1775
Princeton-university, New Jersey-like NY
Philadelphia-under NY-Declaration of Independence+ Constitution were signed
Language: English(also a lot of-Spanish)
Religious freedom: esp. Protestants
Wide variety of geographical regions: mountains: west. California-Sierra Nevada+Mt.Whitney-4,418m, Rocky Mountains, famous Grand Canyon , East-Appalachians(highest peak is McKinley 6,194m in Alaska
Rivers: The Mississippi, The Missouri, The Hudson, The Colorado, Rio Grande, Yukon
Lakes: The Great Lakes-Lake Superior, L.Michigan, L.Huron, L.Erie, L.Ontario, Niagara Falls
Climate: vast climatic differences-from tropical-Hawaii, California,Florida, to more severe with cold winters-Midwest, northeast,artic-Alaska
HISTORY:
- 35 000 years-from Siberia to the North America
- Vikings 1 000 AD
- 1492-Christopher Columbus, but named after Amerigo Vespucci
- 1620-first English settlement-Pilgrims were Puritans-Henry VIII
- 1621-good harvest-origin of Thanksgiving day
- 17th-18th-Europeans immigration
- 1750-were 13 British colonies
- from 1690- a system of triangular trade
- 1773- Boston Tea Party x British taxes
- 4th July 1776– Declaration of Independence
- George Washington- 1st president, new constitution
- Difference between North(industrial) and South(slaves,agricult) led to:
- CIVIL WAR-1861-65(slavery abolished) president Abraham Lincoln
- 1960s-Martin Luther King Jr movement against segregation
- 20th c.-the US grew a world power, military strength, WW2-Pearl Harbour,1945 atomic bomb Hiroshima, Nagasaki, cold war, JF Kennedy, first man on the Moon Neil Armstrong, Vietnam war(1961-73),
- 1974- Watergate-Richard Nixon
- 1991-Gulf War(George Bush), Iraq war, Afganistan
- Bill Clinton-democrat (1992-2000)
- Geoge Bush.republican (2001-2008)
- 1st non-white president Barrack Obama (2009)
POLITICAL SYSTEM
System of federal government of US-the Constitution
Federal government – Congress : the Senate The House of Representatives
Political parties– democratic + republican
President-election-White House in Washington,D.C – District of Columbia – national capital, seat of federal goverment
14 cabinet departments: D. of State, Treasury, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Commenrce, Labour, Health, Education, housing, Energy….
CIA-central inteligence agency
FLAG– smaller part of blue oblong with 50 white stars(50 Amer. States) + larger oblong with 6 white + 7 red stripes(original 13 states used to be the British colonies)
